Ecosystem Management Protection Bulletin

Cover of the Ecosystem Management Program Bulletin 2024 -2025 issue showcasing a kāhuli (Achatinella mustelina) resting on a hame (Antidesma platyphylla) leaf, at the Makaleha West snail predator proof exclosure.

The Ecosystem Management Program Bulletin (EMP) is designed to educate the public and the military community about the natural and cultural resources on Army-managed lands on Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island and the Army’s efforts to conserve them.